As Bill Clinton once said, "Nearly every problem has been solved by someone, somewhere.The challenge of the 21st century is to find out what works and scale it up." In part 1 of this module, we are going to help you understand how to do a rapid review of research
related to solving a public problem. To determine the best solution to our problem, we want to know what has
been tried elsewhere and learn from both academic researchers and from social entrepreneurs. By the end of
this module, we hope you will be able to: (1) Find what possible solutions already exist, (2) Evaluate
whether a solution worked elsewhere, and (3) Determine whether what worked in another context will work in your
context and community.
In Part 2, we review both
traditional and innovative types of solutions in order to expand our readiness to solve problems.
In this interview, Peter Bragge, Director of Health Programs for MSDI's BehaviourWorks Australia, describes
rapid evidence reviews and how they can be used for public problem solving.
Using an example, he illustrates how one can use a rapid evidence and practice review to gather the critical
information required to answer critical questions that arise while solving a problem or framing a policy.
ABOUT THE INTERVIEWEE
PETER BRAAGGEDirector of Health Programs,
BehaviourWorks Australia
Associate Professor Peter Bragge specializes in translating research evidence into practice and policy to
address challenges faced in health and sustainable development. This involves identifying, appraising and
cataloging research evidence; exploring practice through analysis of behaviors and their context; consulting
with practitioners and policymakers to design tailored behavior change interventions and evaluating their
effectiveness.
As Director of Health Programs for MSDI's BehaviourWorks Australia, Peter manages BWA’s partnerships with a
number of government and other agencies including the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of
Premier and Cabinet, Victorian Managed Insurance Authority and the Victorian Transport Accident Commission.
Many of these partnerships have drawn upon McMaster’s Forum method of evidence review and facilitated
dialogues. Peter led the development of this methodology in Australia and has conducted over 25 Forums
utilizing this approach since 2012.The Forum method has underpinned state-wide trials to optimize immunization
in Victoria, a mass media
campaign to promote the appropriate use of the Victorian emergency ambulance service (Save Lives. Save 000
for Emergencies) and a trial which improves management of urinary incontinence following spinal cord
injury.
Peter is also leading Monash Sustainable Development Institute’s collaboration with McMaster
University in Canada to build the world’s largest evidence resource for the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) – Social Systems Evidence (SSE). SSE will draw upon the established and successful Forum
approach by applying it to social and other policy areas outside of health to aid governments around the
world in achieving the SDGs.
Peter has published over 60 peer-reviewed journal articles encompassing academic journals including
The Lancet, Lancet Neurology, Implementation Science and Public Administration Review. He recently
published his first book, From Roadside to Recovery: The Story of the Victorian State Trauma System
and has written over 80 reports for government. He consults regularly with healthcare, government and
other organizations and regularly gives invited talks on behavior change. In 2019 Peter and colleague
Geoff Paine began a now-regular radio segment on ABC Radio Melbourne, ‘This is BS’ (behavioral
science).
Prior to his full-time research career, Peter worked for 10 years as a physiotherapist in public
and private practice settings, including one year in the United Kingdom. He also holds a Licentiate
from Trinity College London in piano performance (1991) and continues to play, perform and record
music.
READINGS
Ten ways to optimize evidence-based policy
Peter Bragge
Future Medicine, Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
2019
The exponential rise in knowledge availability has greatly enhanced the ‘supply’ side of the
evidence-into-practice equation – however, substantial gaps between evidence and practice remain.
Policymakers are therefore increasingly looking to academia to optimize evidence-informed policy. This
article presents ten considerations for optimising evidence-based policy, drawn from experience in
delivering applied behavior change research to government.
Re-imagining “Action Research” as a Tool for Social Innovation and Public Entrepreneurship
Stefaan Verhulst
The GovLab
2020
Rethinking research is a vast project, with multiple components. This new essay focuses on one particular
area of research: action research. In the essay, Stefaan Verhulst first explains what is meant by action
research, and also explores some of its potential.
Correct! We should have already worked to create a clear problem statement before we turn to exploring
evidence of policy solutions
That’s not quite right.
Correct! Randomized controlled trials help us estimate the effect of a policy
or program on people’s lives allowing us to compare a group that received a program and a group that did
not receive a program but are - on average - alike in all other respects.
Sorry, that’s incorrect.
Correct! Though RCTs can provide strong causal evidence when implemented
correctly, we must be aware of their limits and must explore other forms of evidence as well.
Sorry, that’s not it.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
Correct! Though true that we should read popular news articles with some
skepticism, conducting a news search or setting up a news alert can be one of the best ways to find
examples of evidence
Sorry, that’s incorrect.
Correct!
Sorry, that’s incorrect.
Correct! These are all ways to find people who will help you gather evidence
in your review.
Sorry, that’s not it. Here we’re looking to ensure we remove the most practical
barriers to participation.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
That’s right. To know if an intervention might work in a new context, it is
important to understand the supporting factors that made it function successfully.
Sorry, that’s not it.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
Correct, it is important for a social entrepreneur to use judgment and
engage with the community to decide if the factors needed for the intervention to be replicated locally
are present and whether the risk is worth taking
Sorry, that’s incorrect.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
That’s correct!
Sorry, that's incorrect.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
That’s correct! Though there are sometimes reasons to hold off on talking to
some people, learning from content experts and the community is often helpful towards the beginning of
your research review.
That’s not quite right.
You're right but there's more to this answer. Please try again!
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